It starts when bacteria get into the vagina and travel to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other reproductive organs. The pain from PID is centered in the lower belly. It can feel tender or achy. Other symptoms include:. See your doctor if you have these symptoms. If left untreated, PID can lead to infertility. Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can form in your ovaries. However, if a cyst twists or breaks open ruptures , it can cause pain in your lower belly on the same side as the cyst.
The pain can be sharp or dull, and it may come and go. Uterine fibroids are growths in the wall of the uterus. Fibroids can range in size from tiny seeds to large lumps that make your belly grow. Larger fibroids may cause pressure or pain in the pelvis. In endometriosis , tissue that normally lines your uterus grows in other parts of your pelvis. Each month, that tissue thickens and attempts to shed, like it would inside the uterus. But tissue outside of your uterus has nowhere to go, causing pain and other symptoms.
More than 11 percent of women between the ages of 15 and 44 develop endometriosis. The condition is most common in women who are in their 30s and 40s. Endometriosis causes pelvic pain before and during your period. The pain can be severe. You may also have pain when you urinate or have sex. In PCS, varicose veins develop around your ovaries.
These thick, ropy veins are similar to the varicose veins that form in the legs. The valves that normally keep blood flowing in the right direction through the veins no longer work. This causes blood to back up in your veins, which swell up.
Men can also develop varicose veins in their pelvis, but this condition is much more common in women. Pelvic pain is the main symptom of PCS.
The pain can feel dull or achy. You can also have pain with sex and around the time of your period. The female pelvic organs stay in place thanks to a hammock of muscles and other tissues that support them. Due to childbirth and age, these muscles can weaken and allow the bladder, uterus , and rectum to fall down into the vagina. This condition can cause a feeling of pressure or heaviness in your pelvis. You might also feel a lump protruding from your vagina. Prostatitis refers to inflammation and swelling of the prostate gland.
Bacterial prostatitis is an infection of the gland caused by bacteria. Up to a quarter of men get prostatitis at some point in their lives, but less than 10 percent of them will have bacterial prostatitis. Men who have long-term pelvic pain with no infection or other obvious cause are diagnosed with chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
To qualify for this diagnosis, you need to have had pelvic pain for at least 3 months. Anywhere from 3 to 6 percent of men have chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Men with this condition have pain in the penis, testicles, area between the testicles and rectum perineum , and lower belly.
The urethra is the tube that urine passes through from the bladder out of the body. Urethral stricture refers to a narrowing or blockage in the urethra caused by swelling, injury, or infection.
The blockage slows the flow of urine out of the penis. Gynecologic problems FAQ Chronic pelvic pain. American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Accessed April 8, Carinci AJ. Complementary and alternative treatments for chronic pelvic pain. Current Pain and Headache Reports. Cheong YC, et al. Non-surgical interventions for the management of chronic pelvic pain.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Relaxation techniques for health: An introduction. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Accessed April 12, Painful bladder syndrome. Kotarinos RK. Pelvic floor physical therapy for management of myofascial pelvic pain syndrome in women. Hunter C, et al. Experiencing pelvic pain is physically and emotionally distressing, and with all the potential causes, you may worry that it's something serious.
See your healthcare provider, provide them with as much information about your pain as possible, and expect them to run a battery of tests to figure out what's causing it. And remember that sudden, severe pelvic pain warrants a trip to the emergency room. Several different bodily systems can cause pelvic pain.
It can be related to reproductive organs, the gastrointestinal system, or the urinary tract. Muscle pain in the pelvic region can also be a culprit. To help determine the cause of your pelvic pain, your doctor will review your symptom history and perform a physical exam before ordering other tests. Pelvic pain that is sudden and severe is concerning and should be seen by a doctor promptly. It could be appendicitis, ectopic pregnancy, or an ovarian torsion—life-threatening conditions that require immediate medical attention.
A doctor should also evaluate chronic or persistent pelvic pain not related to menstrual cramps. If it is unclear what the source of the pain is, start with a visit to your primary care doctor. If the pain appears to be gynecological, see your gynecologist. If the pain is related to digestion, see a gastroenterologist. If you are pregnant and feel a lot of pressure or pain in your pelvis accompanied by low back and abdominal pain, it could be a sign of labor, and you should call your healthcare provider.
However, in your second trimester, it could also be round ligament pain , which happens when the ligament that runs from the groin to your uterus is stretched. The treatments for pelvic pain depend on the cause. Pain medication and muscle relaxers may be helpful for specific pelvic pain causes, and hormonal therapies can be used in conditions like endometriosis.
Physical therapy and pelvic floor exercises can help with muscle strengthening in the pelvis and pain relief. Limiting processed foods and red meats can help ward off cancer risk. These recipes focus on antioxidant-rich foods to better protect you and your loved ones. Sign up and get your guide! Pan Afr Med J. Published Jan National Institutes of Health, U. National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus. Ectopic pregnancy.
Updated February 26, Pelvic inflammatory disease: improving awareness, prevention, and treatment. Infect Drug Resist. Updated April 1, Williams ARW. Uterine fibroids - what's new?
Cleveland Clinic. Ovulation pain: Mittelschmerz. Updated November 24, Diagnostic utility of CT in differentiating between ruptured ovarian corpus luteal cyst and ruptured ectopic pregnancy with hemorrhage. J Ovarian Res. A review of ovary torsion. American Cancer Society. Signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer. Some stones do not require treatment, but passing them can be painful.
At other times, a doctor may recommend medications to break up stones or surgery to remove them. An ectopic pregnancy occurs when an embryo implants itself anywhere outside of the uterus and starts growing. A woman may feel very sharp pain, and cramps in her pelvis, which are usually focused on one side. Other symptoms include nausea, vaginal bleeding, and dizziness.
Anyone who suspects that they have an ectopic pregnancy should seek immediate medical care, as this is a life-threatening condition. An adhesion is scar tissue that occurs inside the body and connects two tissues that should not be connected. This may result in pain, as the body struggles to adapt to the adhesion. The scar tissue could form due to an old infection, endometriosis, or other issues in the area.
Pelvic adhesions may lead to chronic pelvic pain in some women, and they may cause other symptoms, depending on where the scar tissue appears. A doctor may recommend some minimally invasive surgeries to help reduce adhesions and relieve symptoms.
Ovarian cysts occur when the ovaries fail to release an egg. The follicle holding the egg may not open completely to release the egg, or it may become clogged with fluid. When this happens, a growth called a cyst forms in the area, which may cause bloating, pressure, or pelvic pain on the side of the body with the cyst.
As the ACOG explain, most cysts are noncancerous. In many cases, ovarian cysts go away on their own. In some cases, a cyst may bleed or burst, which can cause sharp, severe pain in the pelvis and may require medical treatment.
Doctors can identify ovarian cysts using ultrasound , and they may recommend treatments that range from watchful waiting to surgery.
Fibroids are lumps of muscle and fibrous tissue within the uterus. While they are noncancerous and do not tend to cause symptoms, these growths can be a source of pain.
They may cause discomfort in the pelvis or lower back or pain during sex. Some fibroids do not require treatment. If a woman finds her symptoms difficult to manage, doctors may recommend one of many treatments, including medications, noninvasive procedures, or surgery. In rare cases, a malignant growth in the reproductive system, urinary tract, or gastrointestinal system may be the reason for pain in the pelvis.
The tumor may also cause other symptoms, depending on where it appears. Doctors will need to perform a thorough evaluation, often using blood and imaging tests, to identify a tumor.
Once they have diagnosed the issue, they will recommend possible treatments.
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