I filled a washbasin with approximately ten gallons of hot water which is usually used when washing white cotton , let them soak for precisely seven minutes, and then hand agitated them for exactly four. Afterwards I repeated the washing cycle for each sample and its detergent. Once all samples were dry, I imposed a subjective scale and measured the results of each detergent on each stain on a scale of one to ten, one being poor with the stain still very visible and ten being superior with it being completely gone.
First it fueled my interest in biochemistry, as I was curious how different surfactants removed organic and inorganic stains from clothing. For example, I was very surprised when I learned that a coconut derivative can be used to take out ketchup on my shirt.
Also, my mother was thrilled to be able to know what detergent is the best to remove stains. This experiment also posed a challenge as to how I would set up the experiment and actually carry it out; and I adore challenges. I designed a multi-stain test and I would compare the action between all of the detergents I chose to accurately cover the possibilities of a consumer. While researching, I learned that many companies are happy to oblige a few and in some cases more than a few samples of their cleaners for me to test.
I furthermore learned a plethora of information including how plants are used to manufacture surfactants, the main stain remover in detergents.
I also discovered that in some detergents there are many unnecessary chemicals such as whiteners that actually dye the stain instead of removing it and fragrance. After the war, soaps were available again and detergents went behind the curtain.
When World War Two came to involve the History United States, soaps were once again in Before the turn of the twentieth century, scarcity. Military funding went into finding a detergents were nonexistent and soaps were cleaner that works in cold seawater in addition widely used to clean people and their clothes.
The beginning of the use of soaps is somewhat Detergents came to mind as a way to create a unknown and the first records of use pinpoint it cleaner from readily available synthetic raw before the Common Era.
In ancient Babylon, materials and the benefit that they do not vases were found containing a boiled mixture create any insoluble substances, such as soap of animal fat and soda ash, a primitive soap.
This mixture was sometimes used when cleaning all the way into medieval times. It was the stain. The production of soaps followed a steady By , detergents were more popular to the progression with a few stops, namely in the American public than soaps1, and the sales of Middle Ages, until it resembled what it is today.
Advancing up to today, Another important step in the advancement of detergents have almost completely removed soap technology was the invention of the the use of soap bars from the washing of soiled ammonia process by the Belgian chemist, clothes and linens. The ammonia process used for substance. By the s the production of soap The Chemical Basis was one of the fastest growing industries in All detergents work necessarily in the same America and became for the first time, not a way.
Water in general is a very good solvent, luxury, but a necessity. Some people synthetic, consist of a very long hydrocarbon have received allergic reactions or irritating chain with a hydrophilic head and a rashes from certain detergents and must use a hydrophobic tail, much like the bi-lipid basic one instead.
This sparks the question if membrane in a cell. The head bonds to a water some people are severely affected, is there molecule and the tail to a molecule of the something dangerous that many people would staining substance, such as grease, dirt, or oil. Many synthetic detergents, which are petroleum based, get and are being lifted out. They are usually combined other the environment.
Because plant-derived and help in the agitation phase of washing. In addition to stain residue that is not necessarily organic. Yet detergents need vast resources from which another aesthetic builder would be those that companies create surfactants. Because of the add to the clothing to make it feel softer, or to large need for resources, environmentally make the clothing stain repellent or friendly surfactants are on average more hypoallergenic.
In addition to these outside tests, each individual corporation produces their own set of tests to create new materials and stay competitive. An Overview When deciding the right detergent, the consumer makes the ultimate choice. Whether or not to buy plant based or synthetic, while being careful as to verify the claims made because they are not federally regulated. They must also decide whether to get a detergent that has more capabilities, or a less expensive one due to cost issues.
They must decide over whether or not they would prefer a concentrated liquid or powder based on the washing machine or method they are going to use. The best history. History of Soap. Cut 6 sheets of cotton fabric if needed. Lay out newspaper over surface. Let all samples set in for 24 hours While filling, add detergent to the water. Hand agitate for one minute. Drain hot, soapy water and rinse sample in cold water thoroughly. Hang sample on drying rack. Repeat steps for each sample.
Once all are dry, on a scale of one to ten, rate each detergent's capabilities of removing each stain and plot on a table. When tested against stadium mustard, synthetic, if not surpassing at some points. The for third. Furthermore, when tested against and treats a variety of stains considerably well. As of the first three stains, performer.
The top regulations to monitor claims. The results this experiment uncovered are The detergents then came onto a comeback comparable to the results found by Consumer with the maple syrup test. Finally surpassed expectations. This leads me to the test on the removal of chocolate stains was believe that this experiment used a different the test with the most scattered results. It was no test. Although the best performer at removing stains worked with a plant-derived surfactant, the poorest performer also was plant-derived.
This information leads the belief that plant-derived detergents can and do work better than their synthetic counterparts, but because their claims are not regulated they can claim to have a specific stronghold when in fact they do not. If one was to repeat this test, an improvement would be to use a wider variety of detergents from both sides to gain a better general understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of both synthetic and plant based detergents.
Compared to a typical science class, please tell us how much you learned doing this project. Try one of our science activities for quick, anytime science explorations. The perfect thing to liven up a rainy day, school vacation, or moment of boredom. Menu Science Projects. Project Guides. View Site Map. Science Projects. Grade Levels.
Physical Science. Earth and Environmental Science. Behavioral and Social Science. You should be prepared to adjust the procedure, as needed, to ensure that the results are due to the detergents being tested and not variations in the worms' conditions. Material Availability Worms can be purchased at fishing bait stores. Share your story with Science Buddies!
Yes, I Did This Project! Please log in or create a free account to let us know how things went. Mike M. Whyte, PhD. Science Buddies Staff. Accessed 12 Nov. Introduction Reduce, reuse, recycle. Terms and Concepts The three R's of the environment: reduce, reuse, recycle Grey water Black water Toxicity Control Dilution series Questions What are some chemicals that are not found in green detergents? What kinds of waste water are considered grey water?
What does it mean for a chemical to be toxic? Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. Retrieved June 30, Wikipedia Contributors. Eisenia foetida. Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 29, Searchable Consumer Product Information Database cpid that currently links consumer brands to health effects has been designed to educate consumers about chemical ingredients of household products: CPID.
Consumer Product Information Database. Retrieved November 9, For help creating graphs, try this website: National Center for Education Statistics. Create a Graph. Retrieved June 2, Note: A computerized matching algorithm suggests the above articles.
It's not as smart as you are, and it may occasionally give humorous, ridiculous, or even annoying results! Learn more about the News Feed. Materials and Equipment Large work area, as you will have many cups out at once Styrofoam TM cups, oz. Permanent marker Liquid dishwashing detergents 2 "green" and 2 conventional Plastic container clean and reuse for each detergent Plastic spoons mL graduated cylinder, available from Carolina Biological , item : Plastic wrap Disposable 5 cc syringe, available from Carolina Biological , item : The minimum order size from Carolina Biological is a package of 15 syringes.
Red worms; available from Carolina Biological item : , or at any bait store see the Bibliography, above, for the Wikipedia link, which includes pictures. Other kinds of worms can be substituted, if you choose. You will need 28 worms per detergent. Performing the procedure with four detergents, with three trials of each suggested in order to obtain accurate and repeatable results , you will need a total of worms. The Carolina Biological item contains "about 75 to " worms. This means you should order 5 sets of worms to make sure you have enough.
Experimental Procedure Important Notes Before You Begin: Because this science fair project involves working with living organisms, namely worms, there will be some natural variability in the starting materials. You will need to be flexible and creative in carrying out the procedure. You should be prepared to adjust the procedure, as needed, to ensure that the results are due to the detergents being tested and not variations in the worm's conditions.
Allow time to repeat the procedure for each detergent, for a total of at least three trials. The following procedure outlines the steps for a single detergent. Repeat these steps for each detergent you test. Control worms are those not exposed to any detergent. The other worms will be exposed to different concentrations of detergent. Talk with the worm supplier about the best way to store the worms as you perform the experiment.
Pour one of the detergents into the plastic container and mix it by stirring with a clean plastic spoon. Avoid forming bubbles. Stir gently, but thoroughly, with the plastic spoon to mix the water and detergent. Stir to mix. In the cup labeled Cover the cups with plastic wrap to avoid evaporation. Repeat steps 1—11 with clean materials to create the dilution series for each detergent. Exposing the Worms to the Detergents Poke several holes with a toothpick in the bottom of seven empty Styrofoam cups.
Use the kitchen scale to measure g. You might want to put down a piece of paper towel on which to measure. Add 5 mL of liquid from the dilution series to the appropriate cup.
Mix the detergent into the soil with a clean spoon. Add four worms to each cup. Cover the cups with aluminum foil and store them in a cool area, away from direct sunlight or hot air from a heater vent. Follow the worm supplier's directions about the best way to store the worms for the duration of the experiment.
If the room temperature is very hot for part of the day, store the worms in a refrigerator until the room temperature cools off. Make sure that the soil stays moist and the temperature does not get too high.
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