The early 17th century marked a huge turning point in clan history in Ireland. Just like the Jacobites at Culloden, the Irish were defeated, and the clan system was effectively and decisively stamped out. The Tudor re-conquest marked the destruction of Gaelic aristocracy, and when the senior Gaelic Chiefs of Ulster left Ireland in to unsuccessfully recruit support in continental Europe, the English authorities in Dublin were able to establish real control over Ireland for the first time.
In the s Edward MacLysaght, the first Chief Herald of Ireland, drew up a list of Irish clans and began to publish a number of works on the history and background of Irish families. Modern Irish clans were reformed in the latter half of the twentieth century and in sixteen of the nineteen bloodline chiefs were received by the President of Ireland, Dr. Mary Robinson. This was the first time in modern history that the bloodline chieftains of Ireland had gathered to form a new Council of Irish chiefs, established by the President to bring together the Chiefs of the Gaelic nobility of Ireland as recognised by the Chief Herald.
The only other recorded meeting of the Irish chiefs was before the Siege of Kinsale. This historic event took place at a meeting of the board on 26 January at Christ Church Cathedral in Dublin. Michael J. The O'Flannagain chief was one of the 'royal lords' to the King of Connaught.
The name is taken from a Gaelic word meaning 'red' or 'ruddy and is among the one hundred most frequently found in the country. Originally from Ulster, Counties Donegal and Derry. Also County Cork. Hughes Most bearers of this name are from the Ulster sept O hAodha descendants of Hugh , who were mainly concentrated in parts of north Tyrone and Donegal. In Monaghan, a closely related variant, O hAoidh, became Hoey.
Hughes was also a common surname in England and Wales from the Middle Ages, and the name was borne by many seventeenth century settlers in Ireland. The name translates as meaning 'son of Hugh'. McGee is another usual form of this name which was also brought to the country by settlers from Scotland. MacMahon , one of the top five names in Monaghan, derives from mathghamban, a bear. The name has been traced from its original source, and from its Norman-French adoption, directly into England and southern counties of Scotland and Ireland - Donegal especially.
In the north of Scotland it is sometimes found as "Mulliken". O'Murchadh families lived in Wexford, Roscommon and Cork, in which county it is now most common, with the McMurchadhs of the Sligo and Tyrone area responsible for most of the Murphys in Ulster. The name was first anglicized to McMurphy and then to Murphy in the early 19th century. It means 'Descendent of Ceallach' war or contention , and is the name of several distinct and illustrious families in various parts of Ireland.
The Kellys are all over Ireland; the name originates from around 10 different and unrelated ancient clans or septs. Whilst the name "O'Kelly" dominated from the Viking Era in the 9th century to the middle of the 16th century, the "O" was dropped during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and the name became Kelly.
This arose from the policy of Queen Elizabeth I of England to break the influence of the gaelic chieftains by rewarding them with land and noble status in return for abandoning their Irish customs. Typical of this was the granting of land and rights to Colla O'Kelly, Seventh lord of Screen in AD in exchange for his dropping the "O" from the surname.
They held great power as the royal family of Ulidia in County Down and South Antrim until , where they were defeated by the Norman army and greatly reduced in power. In Irish, O'Sullivan is O'Sileabhin, and there is no doubt that origin of the name comes from the word sil eye , though whether it is to be taken as "one-eyed" or "hawkeyed" is in dispute among scholars. Originally lords of the territory around Cahir, County Tipperary, in the 12th century, they migrated to what is now West Cork and South Kerry, where the name is still very prominent.
The name Walsh is one of the most common of the Norman associated names found in Ireland. It seems to have been the name used by the many different groups of Welsh people who arrived in Ireland with the Normans during the 12th century. It is found in every county and is particularly strong in Mayo, where it has first place, and also in Galway, Cork, Wexford, Waterford and Kilkenny. They trace their heritage and name from the Irish "Ua Conchobhair," meaning from Conchobhar, a king of Connacht.
Patrick to Ireland. Kerry since the beginning of the fourteenth century and by the sixteenth had become thoroughly Irish, being among the foremost Kerry opponents of the English in the Elizabethan wars. They were allied by marriage to several of the great families of Desmond John Stack was Bishop of Ardfert from to and Philip Stack from to General Edward Stack c. Their association with Clanmaurice is perpetuated in the Stack Mountains between Tralee and Abbeyfeale and a district in the vicinity was long known as Pobble Stack or Stack's Country.
Originally belonging to County Clare, this clan moved southwards to occupy Counties Cork, Kerry and Limerick, and it is in these counties that the name is most numerous today. Some Trimbles emigrated to Ireland, notably Armagh and Fermanagh. Call Home » Ireland.
Within these larger groupings there tended to be one clan who through war and politics became more powerful than others for a period of time and the leaders of some were accorded the status of royalty in Gaelic Ireland. The larger or more important clans were led by a Taoiseach or Chief while the smaller and more dependent clans were led by Chieftains. Under Brehon Law the leaders of Irish clans were acclaimed by their kinsmen as custodians of the clan and were responsible for maintaining and protecting the clan and its property.
This clan system formed the basis of society in Ireland up to the 17 th century. Scholars sometimes disagree about whether it is better to use the terms "sept" or "clan" when referring to traditional Irish kinship groups.
The late Edward MacLysaght suggested the English word 'sept' be used in place of the word 'clan' with regards to the historical social structure in Ireland, so as to differentiate it from the centralized Scottish clan system. This would imply that Ireland possessed no formalised clan system, which is not wholly accurate. Brehon Law, the ancient legal system of Ireland clearly defined the clan system in pre-Norman Ireland, which collapsed after the Tudor Conquest.
Furthermore, the Irish, when speaking of themselves, employed their term 'clan' which means "family" in Irish. Often, clans are thought of as based on blood kinship alone; in fact Irish clans would be better thought of as akin to the modern-day corporation Nicholls, Their ruling structure, whether ruled by a single lord or a council, changed according to needs and the qualities of their membership.
As with a modern corporation, the power of clans grew and shrank. Once-powerful clans could in time decline in stature and be amalgamated into once-smaller ones.
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